To physicists and chemists, color means light emission, absorption, spectrum, and coloration. Near-Infrared Organic Materials and Emerging Applications presents knowledge and applications of invisible "colored" organic materials. Near-infrared (NIR) materials are defined as substances that interact with NIR light, namely, absorption and reflection, and emit NIR light upon stimulation, for example, photoexcitation, electric field, and chemical reaction. This book offers up-to-date information on low band-gap organic materials with unique near-infrared absorbing, fluorescent, and photovoltaic properties for various emerging applications.
The author emphasizes the chemistry of materials, in particular the structure property relationship of near-infrared organic compounds and polymers. The text discusses the molecular design aspect of NIR materials, including effects of conjugation length and donor acceptor charge transfer. Chapters also cover information on the structures and key properties of NIR organic compounds, such as those containing rylene, polymethine, and metal-complex chromophores, as well as polymers, including nonconjugated NIR-absorbing, conjugated dye-containing, and donor acceptor conjugated polymers.
The final chapter describes emerging applications of NIR organic materials based on absorbing, chromogenic, photosensitizing, photovoltaic, and fluorescent properties, as well as applications of low band-gap compounds and polymers in ambipolar organic transistors. Presenting useful data and thought-provoking ideas, this book provides a practical reference on optical properties and structures of NIR organic materials and their design principles and applications.

To physicists and chemists, color means light-emission, absorption, spectrum, and coloration. Near-Infrared Organic Materials and Emerging Applications presents knowledge and applications of invisible "colored" organic materials. Near-infrared (NIR) materials are defined as substances that interact with NIR light, namely, absorption and reflection, and emit NIR light upon stimulation, for example, photoexcitation, electric field, and chemical reaction. This book offers up-to-date information on low band-gap organic materials with unique near-infrared absorbing, fluorescent, and photovoltaic properties for various emerging applications. The author emphasizes the chemistry of materials, in particular the structure-property relationship of near-infrared organic compounds and polymers. The text discusses the molecular design aspect of NIR materials, including effects of conjugation length and donor-acceptor charge transfer. Chapters also cover information on the structures and key properties of NIR organic compounds, such as those containing rylene, polymethine, and metal-complex chromophores, as well as polymers, including nonconjugated NIR-absorbing, conjugated dye-containing, and donor-acceptor conjugated polymers. The final chapter describes emerging applications of NIR organic materials based on absorbing, chromogenic, photosensitizing, photovoltaic, and fluorescent properties, as well as applications of low band-gap compounds and polymers in ambipolar organic transistors. Presenting useful data and thought-provoking ideas, this book provides a practical reference on optical properties and structures of NIR organic materials and their design principles and applications.

This book chiefly describes the theories and technologies for natural gas hydrate management in deepwater gas wells. It systematically explores the mechanisms of hydrate formation, migration, deposition and blockage in multiphase flow in gas-dominated systems; constructs a multiphase flow model of multi-component systems for wells that takes into account hydrate phase transition; reveals the influence of hydrate phase transition on multiphase flows, and puts forward a creative hydrate blockage management method based on hydrate blockage free window (HBFW), which enormously improves the hydrate prevention effect in deepwater wells. The book combines essential theories and industrial technology practice to facilitate a deeper understanding of approaches to and technologies for hydrate management in deepwater wells, and provides guidance on operation design. Accordingly, it represents a valuable reference guide for both researchers and graduate students working in oil and gas engineering, offshore oil and gas engineering, oil and gas storage and transportation engineering, as well as technical staff in the fields of deepwater oil and gas drilling, development, and flow assurance.

The studies in this dissertation aim at advancing our scientific understandings about physical processes involved in the aerosol-cloud-precipitation interaction and quantitatively assessing the impacts of aerosols on the cloud systems with diverse scales over the globe on the basis of the observational data analysis and various modeling studies. As recognized in the Fifth Assessment Report by the Inter-government Panel on Climate Change, the magnitude of radiative forcing by atmospheric aerosols is highly uncertain, representing the largest uncertainty in projections of future climate by anthropogenic activities. By using a newly implemented cloud microphysical scheme in the cloud-resolving model, the thesis assesses aerosol-cloud interaction for distinct weather systems, ranging from individual cumulus to mesoscale convective systems. This thesis also introduces a novel hierarchical modeling approach that solves a long outstanding mismatch between simulations by regional weather models and global climate models in the climate modeling community. More importantly, the thesis provides key scientific solutions to several challenging questions in climate science, including the global impacts of the Asian pollution. As scientists wrestle with the complexities of climate change in response to varied anthropogenic forcing, perhaps no problem is more challenging than the understanding of the impacts of atmospheric aerosols from air pollution on clouds and the global circulation.

The international symposium on number theory and analysis in memory of the late famous Chinese mathematician Prof. Hua Loo Keng was co-sponsored by the Institute of Mathematics, Academia Sinica and the University of Science and Technology of China. lt took place between August Ist and 7th of 1988 on the campus of Tsing Hua University, and some 150 mathematicians were pres- ent. The symposium was carried out in two separate sections: number theory and analysis. This is retlected in the publication ofa set oftwo volumes, the first one on Number Theory edited by Professor Wang Yuan and the second on Analysis by Professors Gong Sheng, Lu Qi-keng and Yang Lo. The distinguished list of main speakers and the contents of these two vol- umes reflect the high level of the mathematical activity throughout the seven days. W e pay special tribute to our main speakers professors Chuang, Conn, Ding, Drasin, Fitzgerald, Gaier, Gong, Grauert, Gu, Hejhal, Iyanaga, Karatsuba, Koranyi, Liao, Lu, Pan, Richert, Satake, Schmidt, Siu, Tatuzawa, Tsang, Vladimirov, Y. Wang, G. Y. Wang, Wustholz and Yang, who gave the excellent one hour lectures, and also to the participants who gave contributed talks on their own research work. The discussions among the mathematicians were always in a warm atmosphere. Our thanks go to professors Chern, Subbarao and Yau for their contributions to these proceedings.

The circle method has its genesis in a paper of Hardy and Ramanujan (see [Hardy 1])in 1918concernedwiththepartitionfunction andtheproblemofrep- resenting numbers as sums ofsquares. Later, in a series of papers beginning in 1920entitled "some problems of'partitio numerorum", Hardy and Littlewood (see [Hardy 1]) created and developed systematically a new analytic method, the circle method in additive number theory. The most famous problems in ad- ditive number theory, namely Waring's problem and Goldbach's problem, are treated in their papers. The circle method is also called the Hardy-Littlewood method. Waring's problem may be described as follows: For every integer k 2 2, there is a number s= s( k) such that every positive integer N is representable as (1) where Xi arenon-negative integers. This assertion wasfirst proved by Hilbert [1] in 1909. Using their powerful circle method, Hardy and Littlewood obtained a deeper result on Waring's problem. They established an asymptotic formula for rs(N), the number of representations of N in the form (1), namely k 1 provided that 8 2 (k - 2)2 - +5. Here

Award-Winner in the Cookbooks: International category of the 2010 International Book Awards"
Ancient Wisdom, Modern Kitchen" reveals how easy it is to tap into the 3,000-year-old secrets of the Eastern healing arts. This entertaining and easy-to-use book provides scores of delicious recipes, anecdotes about various herbs and foods, and all you need to know about acquiring ingredients--even if you don't know the difference between a lotus seed and the lotus position.

Highlighting "superfoods," such as goji berries, as well as more familiar ingredients like ginger, garlic, and mint, "Ancient Wisdom, Modern Kitchen" includes indispensible information:

- An overview of traditional Chinese medicine, herbs, and food therapy
- Details on 100 healthy Asian ingredients
- Healing recipes for common health concerns, including fatigue, menopause, high cholesterol, weight control, and diabetes

The classical circle method of Hardy and Littlewood is one of the most effective methods of additive number theory. Two examples are its success with Waring's problem and Goldbach's conjecture. In this book, Wang offers instances of generalizations of important results on diophantine equations and inequalities over rational fields to algebraic number fields. The book also contains an account of Siegel's generalized circle method and its applications to Waring's problem and additive equations and an account of Schmidt's method on diophantine equations and inequalities in several variables in algebraic number fields.

These book consists of two parts:(i) A detailed introduction by the editor to provide a full exposition on the developments of the study of Goldbach conjecture, including a complete reference.(ii) A collection of original papers on Goldbach Conjecture and is intended for graduate students and researchers in analytic number theory who have an understanding of basic elementary number theory and the theory of the distribution of prime numbers. The basic methods for treating Goldbach Conjecture are the circle method of Hardy and Littlewood and the sieve method of Brun. This book contains papers with originalities and important progresses on these two methods and all the papers in Chinese, French, German and Russian have been translated into English.

This book is a compilation of selected papers from the Fourth International Technical Symposium on Deepwater Oil and Gas Engineering & The Third International Youth Forum on Gas Hydrate, held in Qingdao, China in December 2021. The work focuses on the advancement of techniques for the deepwater oil and gas exploitation and natural gas hydrate exploitation. The book introduces new ideas for exploring deepwater oil and gas hydrate in a safe and efficient way. Advances of the natural gas hydrate pilot production in South China Sea, in oil and gas flow assurance and emerging technologies based on clathrate hydrate will be presented. It is a valuable resource for both practitioners and academics working in the field of deepwater oil and gas engineering.

This book focuses on the study of chemical dust suppression in mine dust pollution control by means of theories, experiments, computer simulation, and case application, aiming at providing chemical dust suppression solutions for mining worksites. It has seven chapters, including the following contents: (1) introduces fundamental theories and applications of chemical dust suppression, analyzes the dust source intensity of worksites and the mechanisms of dust generation, and summarizes the dust control measures for different mining worksites. (2) According to the mechanisms of dust generation in different mining worksites, targeted dust suppressants were developed. Through optimization by monomer experiment and orthogonal experiment, the optimum formula of different types of dust suppressants was obtained, and its properties were characterized. (3) The dust suppressant field application process was introduced, and the economic benefits were analyzed. This book is expected to provide valuable references both for researchers and engineering technicians engaged in environmental engineering, safety engineering, occupational health, and mining metallurgical engineering, and it also serves as a textbook for graduate students in above disciplines.

This book focuses on the study of chemical dust suppression in mine dust pollution control by means of theories, experiments, computer simulation, and case application, aiming at providing chemical dust suppression solutions for mining worksites. It has seven chapters, including the following contents: (1) introduces fundamental theories and applications of chemical dust suppression, analyzes the dust source intensity of worksites and the mechanisms of dust generation, and summarizes the dust control measures for different mining worksites. (2) According to the mechanisms of dust generation in different mining worksites, targeted dust suppressants were developed. Through optimization by monomer experiment and orthogonal experiment, the optimum formula of different types of dust suppressants was obtained, and its properties were characterized. (3) The dust suppressant field application process was introduced, and the economic benefits were analyzed. This book is expected to provide valuable references both for researchers and engineering technicians engaged in environmental engineering, safety engineering, occupational health, and mining metallurgical engineering, and it also serves as a textbook for graduate students in above disciplines.

This book is an autobiographical interview with Chinese Academician Yuan Wang on his experience in mathematical research. The book looks back on Wang's collaboration with his teacher Hua Loo-Keng and younger scholars, offering insights into fruitful cooperation in mathematical research. In this book, Yuan Wang’s path of studying Goldbach conjecture is revealed in detail from motivation to method. Then his work on algebraic number theory is traced back in a separate chapter. The book ends with two chapters which introduce Wang’s interest in history of mathematics and his hobbies outside of mathematical research. Wang shows how a mathematician can in the same time be a historical and popular science writer and, in particular, a well-received calligrapher.  The book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students studying number theory. Researchers who are willing to learn from the experience of an established mathematician, as well as math amateurs and general audience who are interested in Yuan Wang's life story might also find this book appealing.

This book is a compilation of selected papers from the Fourth International Technical Symposium on Deepwater Oil and Gas Engineering & The Third International Youth Forum on Gas Hydrate, held in Qingdao, China in December 2021. The work focuses on the advancement of techniques for the deepwater oil and gas exploitation and natural gas hydrate exploitation. The book introduces new ideas for exploring deepwater oil and gas hydrate in a safe and efficient way. Advances of the natural gas hydrate pilot production in South China Sea, in oil and gas flow assurance and emerging technologies based on clathrate hydrate will be presented. It is a valuable resource for both practitioners and academics working in the field of deepwater oil and gas engineering.

This book chiefly describes the theories and technologies for natural gas hydrate management in deepwater gas wells. It systematically explores the mechanisms of hydrate formation, migration, deposition and blockage in multiphase flow in gas-dominated systems; constructs a multiphase flow model of multi-component systems for wells that takes into account hydrate phase transition; reveals the influence of hydrate phase transition on multiphase flows, and puts forward a creative hydrate blockage management method based on hydrate blockage free window (HBFW), which enormously improves the hydrate prevention effect in deepwater wells. The book combines essential theories and industrial technology practice to facilitate a deeper understanding of approaches to and technologies for hydrate management in deepwater wells, and provides guidance on operation design. Accordingly, it represents a valuable reference guide for both researchers and graduate students working in oil and gas engineering, offshore oil and gas engineering, oil and gas storage and transportation engineering, as well as technical staff in the fields of deepwater oil and gas drilling, development, and flow assurance.

Diplomarbeit aus dem Jahr 2008 im Fachbereich BWL - Unternehmensfuhrung, Management, Organisation, Note: 1,7, Freie Universitat Berlin, 111 Quellen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Dank des technologischen Fortschritts und der neoliberalen Politik ist die Welt immer offener aber gleichzeitig auch kleiner" geworden. Sowohl die grossen Unternehmen als auch die mittleren und kleinen Unternehmen werden von der Globalisierung direkt oder indirekt beeinflusst. In globalen Wertketten ist der Kontakt mit auslandischen Firmen und Managern unvermeidlich geworden und in Zukunft wird dieser Kontakt sicherlich noch weiterhin intensiviert. Durch eine jahrtausende Entwicklung der Menschheit ist die Kultur der unterschiedlichen Lander jedoch sehr verschieden geworden. Um das Verhalten der Konkurrenten, der eigenen Mitarbeitern und auch das der auslandischen Partner verstehen zu konnen, mussen vor allem vorerst die unterschiedlichen Kulturen verstanden werden. Deshalb wird in dieser Arbeit zuerst danach gefragt, welche Einflusse die Kultur auf das Verhalten von Managern hat und welche Unterschiede zwischen den Kulturen existieren. Der niederlandische Experte fur Kulturwissenschaften, Prof. Hofstede, erklart die Kulturunterschiede anhand von funf Kulturdimensionen. Durch diese funf Dimensionen werden die hauptsachlichen Unterschiede zwischen den verschiedenen Kulturen kategorisiert. Allerdings hat er bei seinen Untersuchungen den Einfluss der fremden Kulturen bei steigender Kontakthaufigkeit mit auslandischen Kulturen vernachlassigt. Sowohl durch die Medien, das Internet als auch durch personliche Kontakte kann man sich heutzutage immer einfacher uber fremde Kulturen informieren. Obwohl es je nach Mensch unterschiedlich ist, sind die Einflusse von fremden Kulturen deutlich spurbar. Sie sind auch eine wichtige Determinante des Verhaltens. Deswegen wird unter Berucksichtigung dieser Einflusse und der funf Dimensionen von Hofstede nach einer Erklarung fur die Bezieh

This book provides a detailed description of a most important unsolved mathematical problem -- the Goldbach conjecture. Raised in 1742 in a letter from Goldbach to Euler, this conjecture attracted the attention of many mathematical geniuses. Several great achievements were made, but only until the 1920's. The book gives an exposition of these results and their impact on mathematics, particularly, number theory. It also presents (partly or wholly) selections from important literature, so that readers can get a full picture of the conjecture.

These book consists of two parts:(i) A detailed introduction by the editor to provide a full exposition on the developments of the study of Goldbach conjecture, including a complete reference.(ii) A collection of original papers on Goldbach Conjecture and is intended for graduate students and researchers in analytic number theory who have an understanding of basic elementary number theory and the theory of the distribution of prime numbers. The basic methods for treating Goldbach Conjecture are the circle method of Hardy and Littlewood and the sieve method of Brun. This book contains papers with originalities and important progresses on these two methods and all the papers in Chinese, French, German and Russian have been translated into English.